Follicle stimulating hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a crucial hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain.

FSH plays a vital role in the regulation of reproductive processes in both men and women.

Understanding FSH levels and their implications can help diagnose and manage reproductive health conditions effectively.

Functions

Women

• Ovarian follicle development – FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, which are structures in the ovaries that contain eggs (oocytes). This is essential for ovulation and the regulation of the menstrual cycle
• Estrogen production – as the follicles mature, they produce estrogen, which helps regulate the menstrual cycle and prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy

Men

• Sperm production: FSH acts on the Sertoli cells in the testes, which are crucial for spermatogenesis (the production of sperm). It supports the maturation of sperm cells and overall sperm production

Regulation

FSH levels are regulated by the hypothalamus, which releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH.

FSH levels are also influenced by feedback from the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone, which help regulate its production.

FSH in women’s health

• Assessment of fertility – FSH levels are measured in various fertility assessments and evaluations. Abnormal levels can indicate issues such as ovarian dysfunction, testicular disorders, or pituitary gland problems
• Menstrual disorders – in women, abnormal FSH levels can be associated with conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)
• Hormone replacement therapy – FSH can be used in hormone replacement therapies to address fertility issues or hormonal imbalances

Testing FSH levels

• Blood test – FSH levels can be measured through a blood test. It is often used in conjunction with other hormone tests to assess reproductive health and function
• Urine test – FSH levels can be detected through home FSH kits that test urine