Erythema multiforme is a skin disorder that may be caused by an allergic reaction to an allergen (usually a medicine) or an infection.
20% of the cases occur in children.
What causes erythema multiforme?
We don’t know what causes it.
One theory is that it could be triggered by a prior viral infection. It is thought to be caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 or mycoplasma infections. Other viruses, fungi or bacterial infections could be the root cause.
Symptoms of erythema multiforme
Before or just as the lesions appear, there may be the following symptoms:
- low grade fever
- feeling generally unwell
- body aches and pains
- joint stiffness (uncommon symptom)
- joint swelling (uncommon symptom)
The symptoms include skin or mouth lesions less than 3cm. They have a pink-red centre surrounded by a pale ring border and an outer pink-red ring.
The lesions can sometimes be painful or itchy.
If the baby or toddler also has a higher grade fever or is very unwell, a doctor must be consulted. It could be more serious and requires prompt medical attention and treatment.
Treatment of erythema multiforme
It usually resolves itself in time, within 4-6 weeks.
- steroids – can help relieve symptoms
- antivirals – occasionally used when it is triggered by a viral infection
- moisturising cream – eczema or dermatitis cream can help speed up recovery
References
- Erythema multiforme. DermNet. Accessed 5 July 2024
- Erythema multiforme. National Institute of Health, USA. Accessed 5 July 2024
- Erythema Multiforme: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology. Medscape eMedicine. Accessed 5 July 2024
Last reviewed and updated: 5 July 2024
