Viagra is a brand name for the drug sildenafil citrate, which is primarily used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED).
Developed by Pfizer and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998, Viagra works by enhancing blood flow to the penis, which helps men achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity.
Viagra has been a significant advancement in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, helping many men improve their quality of life and sexual health.
Uses of Viagra
Erectile dysfunction (ED)
Viagra is most commonly prescribed for men who have difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection. It helps by increasing blood flow to the penis when sexually aroused, so it helps them to maintain an erection.
It’s not an aphrodisiac and requires sexual stimulation to be effective.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
In some cases, sildenafil is used under the brand name Revatio to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. This is a condition characterised by high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. It helps to relax the blood vessels in the lungs, improving exercise capacity and reducing symptoms associated with PAH.
How Viagra works
Viagra works by inhibiting an enzyme called phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is involved in the regulation of blood flow in the penis. By blocking PDE5, Viagra helps to maintain higher levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a molecule that causes the smooth muscles in the blood vessels of the penis to relax. This relaxation allows for increased blood flow, which is necessary for an erection.
Administration and dosage
- Dosage – Viagra is typically taken orally in tablet form, with common doses ranging from 25 mg to 100 mg. The dose can be adjusted based on efficacy and tolerability. It’s usually taken about 30 minutes to an hour before sexual activity
- Frequency – it is recommended to take Viagra only once a day and only when needed. Frequent or excessive use is not advised
Side effects and considerations
- Common side effects – some users may experience headaches, flushing, nasal congestion, indigestion, or visual disturbances
- Serious side effects – in rare cases, Viagra can cause severe side effects such as priapism (a prolonged and painful erection), sudden vision loss, or hearing loss. Seek immediate medical attention if these occur
- Drug interactions – Viagra can interact with certain medications, especially nitrates used for heart conditions. This can lead to potentially dangerous drops in blood pressure. Always inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking
Consultation with a healthcare provider
Before using Viagra, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure it’s appropriate for your condition, especially if you have underlying health issues such as cardiovascular disease. They can provide guidance on the correct dosage and address any potential interactions or contraindications.
References
- How long does it take for Viagra to start working? GoodRx, USA. Accessed 16 July 2024
- Sildenafil: MedlinePlus drug information. MedlinePlus, USA. Accessed 16 July 2024
- Sildenafil tablets for pulmonary dysfunction. Cleveland Clinic, USA. Accessed 16 July 2024
- Sildenafil: Viagra for erectile dysfunction. Cleveland Clinic, USA. Accessed 16 July 2024
- Viagra (PDF). NPS MedicineWise, Australia. Accessed 16 July 2024
- Viagra: uses, dosage, side effects, warnings. Drugs.com, USA. Accessed 16 July 2024
Last reviewed and updated: 16 July 2024
