Manganese

Facts

Why manganese is good for you

Manganese is a trace mineral, which means the body only needs a very small amount of it to be healthy.

Manganese plays an important role in a number of physiological processes as a constituent of some enzymes and an activator of other enzymes. Manganese-activated enzymes play important roles in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and cholesterol.

Manganese enables the body to utilize vitamin C, Vitamin B1 (thiamin) , vitamin H (biotin) as well as choline. It is used in the manufacture of fat, sex hormones and breast milk in females.

Manganese is also necessary for healthy bone and cartilage development as well as wound healing.

Manganese is thought to also help neutralise free radicals as well as being of assistance in preventing diabetes and it is also needed for normal nerve function.

Important manganese facts

  • Manganese is lost in milling and its absorption is decreased in the presence of large amounts of calcium, phosphorous, zinc, cobalt and soy protein.
  • Manganese is depleted in the soil by extensive use of chemical fertilizers or too much lime, and food grown in such soil will have a low manganese content
  • Manganese works with Vitamin K to promote blood clotting

Deficiency

Groups at risk of manganese deficiency

  • Pregnant or breastfeeding mothers – much of the nutrients eaten are passed onto the child and extra may be needed each day to top up supplies of manganese

People in these groups at risk of deficiency should talk to a medical professional about manganese supplements before taking them.

Symptoms of manganese deficiency

Manganese is not easily absorbed but since very small amounts are needed, deficiency is rare.

Deficiencies symptoms include:

  • poor bone growth
  • birth defects and reduced fertility
  • problems with blood glucose levels

Serious deficiency in children can result in paralysis, deafness and blindness.

Health

Manganese and health

  • Osteoporosis – women with osteoporosis have been found to have decreased blood levels of manganese. A 2-year study of healthy postmenopausal women found that a supplement containing manganese, copper and zinc, in combination with calcium, was more effective than just a calcium supplement alone in preventing spinal bone loss over a period of 2 years. More research needs to be undertaken in this area to determine how effective manganese is for osteoporosis
  • Diabetes – manganese deficiency resulted in glucose intolerance similar to diabetes in some studies. Although manganese appears to play a role in glucose metabolism, there is little evidence in studies conducted so far, that manganese supplementation improves glucose tolerance in diabetic or non-diabetic individuals
  • Epilepsy – certain subgroups of people with epilepsy have been found to have lower blood manganese levels than non-epileptic people. One study found blood manganese levels of individuals with epilepsy of unknown origin to be lower than those of individuals whose epilepsy was induced by trauma (e.g., head injury) or disease, suggesting a possible relationship between epilepsy and abnormal manganese metabolism. Further research needs to be undertaken to determine the role manganese plays in epilepsy

People who wish to take a manganese supplement should talk to a medical professional before taking it.

Food sources

Manganese in food

FOODAMOUNTManganese (mg)
Raisin bran cereal1 cup1.88
Pineapple, raw, diced½ cup1.28
Pineapple juice½ cup1.24
Instant oatmeal (made with water)1 packet1.20
Pecans30g1.12
Brown rice, cooked½ cup0.88
Almonds30g0.74
Whole wheat bread1 slice0.65
Peanuts30g0.59
Sweet potato, cooked½ cup0.55
Navy beans, cooked½ cup0.51
Pinto beans, cooked½ cup0.48
Lima beans, cooked½ cup0.48
Tea (green)1 cup0.41-1.58
Tea (black)1 cup0.18-0.77

 

Daily intake

Manganese recommended daily intake (RDI)

RDAlifestageageamount
INFANTS0-6mths
7-12mths
0.003mg
0.6mg
CHILDREN1-3yrs
4-8yrs
1.2mg
1.5mg
CHILDREN – MALE9-13yrs
14-18yrs
1.9mg
2.2mg
CHILDREN – FEMALE9-13yrs
14-18yrs
1.6mg
1.6mg
ADULTSmale: 19-50yrs
female: 19-50yrs
2.3mg
1.8mg
SENIORSmale: 51+yrs
female: 51+yrs
2.3mg
1.8mg
PREGNANTall ages2.0mg
LACTATINGall ages2.6mg
TOLERABLE UPPER LIMITlifestageageamount
INFANTS0-12mthsn/a*
CHILDREN1-3yrs
4-8yrs
2mg
3mg
CHILDREN9-13yrs
14-18yrs
6mg
9mg
ADULTS19-50yrs11mg
SENIORS51+yrs11mg
PREGNANT<18yrs
19-50yrs
9mg
11mg
LACTATING<18yrs
19-50yrs
9mg
11mg
Toxic Levels>50mg (for long periods)

The tolerable upper limits should only be taken for short periods and only under medical supervision.

* The tolerable upper limit for manganese for infants aged 0-12 months has not yet been determined due to a lack of data about the adverse effects in this age group. The only source of manganese intake should be from food (breast milk and/or baby formula).

Manganese works best with

Toxicity

Acute manganese toxicity

Toxicity of manganese by diet is rare. Miners who are exposed to high levels of manganese (which they may inhale), can get “manganese madness”.

Acute toxicity from taking too many manganese supplements – over 1000mg can cause the following symptoms:

  • Breathing problems *
  • Impotence
  • Muscle fatigue
  • Weight loss

* People who experience the highlighted symptoms should seek immediate emergency treatment.

Chronic manganese toxicity

Chronic toxicity of manganese from taking higher than the therapeutic dose of supplements for a long time can cause the following symptoms:

  • Anaemia (lowered iron levels)
  • Confusion
  • Delusions
  • Dementia
  • Depression
  • Hallucinations
  • Headaches
  • High blood pressure
  • Impotence
  • Inflammation of the kidneys
  • Insomnia
  • Liver cirrhosis
  • Memory problems
  • Muscle fatigue
  • Parkinson’s disease (Parkinson-like symptoms) *
  • Slurred speech
  • Tremors

People who experience any of the above toxicity symptoms should discontinue their manganese supplements and see their doctor for advice.

Overdosage and toxicity is more likely to occur from taking too many supplements, whereas dietary intake of manganese is highly unlikely to cause overdosage.

* Parkinson’s disease is a health condition in which high levels of manganese (as well as other minerals) could be an underlying component in its development.

Precautions

Precautions

There are some individuals who have increased susceptibility to manganese toxicity:

  • People with chronic liver disease – manganese is eliminated from the body mainly in bile. Impaired liver function may lead to decreased manganese excretion. Manganese accumulation in people with cirrhosis or liver failure may contribute to neurological problems and Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms.
  • Newborns – the newborn brain may be more susceptible to manganese toxicity due the developing nerve cells and the immaturity of the liver’s bile elimination system. Do not use manganese supplements for newborns.

Interactions

Manganese interactions with medications and supplements

The following are the medications and supplements that are more likely to cause a reaction with manganese supplements:

  • Calcium
    Calcium, either from foods rich in calcium or supplements may decrease the absorption of any manganese supplements taken at the same time, especially if the calcium is taken in larger doses.
  • Iron
    Manganese supplements, especially if they are very high levels, seem to interfere with iron absorption and can lead to iron-deficiency anaemia, irrespective of whether the iron is from food or supplements.
  • Magnesium
    Magnesium, either from foods rich in magnesium or supplements may decrease the absorption of any manganese supplements taken at the same time, especially if the magnesium is taken in larger doses.
  • Phosphorus
    Phosphorus, either from foods rich in phosphorus or supplements may decrease the absorption of any manganese supplements taken at the same time, especially if the phosphorus is taken in larger doses.
  • Oral contraceptives
    The oral contraceptive decreases blood manganese levels, even if manganese supplements (at recommended levels) are used.

Other interactions with manganese

There are none reported.

Manganese’s effect on lab tests

Manganese can have the following effect on lab tests:

  • Serum iron levels

Excess manganese intake may decrease serum iron levels.

References

References

  • USDA National Nutrient Database – provides nutrient values for foods (accessed 5 January 2005)
  • Osiecki, H. The Nutrient Bible. Bio-Concepts Publishing QLD, 2002
  • Whitney EN, Cataldo DB, Rolfes SR. Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition, 6th Edition. Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2002

Last updated: 6 May 2024

Build self confidence

Question

I believe we have the power to heal ourselves and others. And I know I’m a spiritual being and I’ve experienced some unexplainable things in my life, both bad and good.

But when I have tried to convince family members of my beliefs, they think of me as silly or foolish and consider me to be an embarrassment, which I know I am not.

How do I rid myself of their negativity towards me?

Answer

Doesn’t it feel great to be aware of yourself as a spiritual being! I find it very empowering. I can relate to the situation with your family. I’ve found over the years that I only share what I sense my family can understand and appreciate. I know it’s difficult to not share everything about yourself and not be “seen” by your family. And it’s painful to think that your family views you as an embarrassment. Know deep in your heart that they are coming from fear as they don’t know themselves as spiritual beings the way you do. Hearing about things that are beyond their conscious experience may trigger their ego fear and judgment response – but you don’t have to take it personally. It says more about them than it does about you.

If you can have compassion for them (think of what they are missing out on not realising they are powerful spiritual beings) and know that they are on their own journey (and will one day or one life-time become conscious of this, but it is their process – not up to others to convince them), this will help you to release their negativity. As you say hello to the spirit in them and rise above their ego comments, this will help support your connection to them. Love, compassion and forgiveness are all self-healing tools.

I also find amusement very helpful. If you can stay centred within your higher, bigger, spiritual self where you are at ease and amused, you will slough off your family’s comments and negativity. Like attracts like so over time you will attract like minded people who know and appreciate what you are experiencing. In the meantime, try to find common ground with your family so you can enjoy your time with them (and you may find you spend less time with them once you have created more connections with spiritually minded people).

Always feeling depressed

Question

Why do I always feel depressed like there is something missing in my life?

What can I do to make myself feel better?

Answer

It’s hard for me to know exactly why you feel depressed without knowing more about your situation, but you did mention that you feel like something’s missing and that could be an important aspect of it.

Feeling depressed can happen for many reasons. People who experience a number of symptoms of depression for more than 3 weeks may be considered clinically depressed and require treatment from a doctor, counsellor or alternative health practitioner. When people are clinically depressed they have lower levels of serotonin in their brain and as they find ways to raise these levels (through medication, herbal remedies, exercise, cognitive therapy, acupuncture, energy healing and so on) they feel better.

But in your case, it sounds like this isn’t just a biochemical imbalance, but that something is calling to you. Have you experienced any form of loss lately, as depression is a natural part of the grieving process? Loss of a loved one, loss of a job, relationship or any form of change that incurs loss may trigger feelings of depression for a while.

Is your heart and soul longing for a change? Sometimes depression is a lack of passion or inspiration. What would you love to do in your life if time, money and others weren’t an issue? See if you can find ways to honor these longings in a healthy way.

Are you expressing your creativity? Depression can also be a smothering or repression of creative expression. Perhaps writing, drawing, painting, dancing or some other form of creative expression might help (and you don’t have to be an artist, it’s about the process not the outcome of the creativity that counts here).

Are you in touch with your emotions. Repressed anger can sometimes feel like depression. Get in touch with the emotions that underlie your feelings of depression. If there is sadness, touch into it and allow it to communicate to you. If there is anger, feel it and process it in a way that feels healthy to you (writing about it, using paint or crayons to express anger, or talking to a friend or counsellor can help).

Do you have a spiritual practice? If you feel like something is missing, it may be a connection to your spiritual self or the God of your heart. Meditation and prayer can be a way to discover who you are beyond your mind and body. Underneath our mind’s thoughts and our body’s emotions is our natural state of love, joy and amusement. Take time each day to touch into your true nature.

To discover more insights into your depression, you might try talking to it as though it is a separate character in your life. You could close your eyes and have an inner dialogue with it or write a letter to it and write back to yourself from the perspective of your depression. Try asking it what it wants, what it is trying to tell you, how it is trying to help you. This may give you deeper awareness of why you feel depressed or what is missing in your life.

Interfering parents and inlaws

Question

My wife is pregnant with our first child. Should I really listen to my mother and mother in law’s advice? They both drive me crazy, and make me feel incompetent, telling me I should cook more etc. This in turn makes me want to leave my wife now, before things get worse.

Until this all started we had a sense of equality and stability in our relationship.

Now, whenever I think if something nice to do in a proactive way, I’m disempowered by a person (usually female, but I know gender is coincidental) nagging me to do it, before they know what I have planned. That just makes me reluctant to continue, as I do not wish to reinforce bad (disempowering) behaviour.

I want some sense of control of (at least part of) my personal life, in a family environment – is this realistic or should I just pack up and leave?

Thanks

Answer

Hello Reluctant Cook.

It’s totally understandable what you are going through.

You have a major shift happening in your home which affects your relationship with your wife, and you have other women (the other mothers) trying to control what you do. No wonder you feel like bolting. But this is a wonderful opportunity for you to own your space and not feel controlled by others. There’s been a game on the planet for years where women feel controlled by men and men feel controlled by women, but it’s time to end it. Being in resistance doesn’t help though as what we resist persists and sticks in our space.

My suggestion is for you to take time each day to find your inner power – your bigger, higher self who sees this as a big cosmic joke (through meditation, exercise or whatever helps you to find inner peace and touch into your empowerment). From this higher perspective you can more easily move into a state of ease and let the females’ pushing and nagging energy wash over you instead of stick to you.

Get in touch with what you really want to do and why you want to do it. For example, let’s say you’re feeling inspired to cook or do something helpful for your wife and then someone suggests you do it and you start to feel pressured. Just breathe, see the humor in the timing of the situation and then retune to what you want to do (not what the other wants you to do) – feel the good feeling you get from supporting your wife and soon to be child and remind yourself that this is your decision, not someone else’s. It might coincide with what another wants, but it is your choice.

As you stay focused on the positive aspects of your current situation, and stay as neutral and amused as you can with the difficult parts, you will be able to own your power and not give it away to others. They in turn will sense your new empowerment and most likely back off (at first they might challenge it, but stay in your higher power of amusement and inspiration). If you give in to frustration and powerlessness, this will feel awful, but as soon as you rise above it, you’ll feel good again.

Asking about the status of a relationship

Question

I have been seeing a guy for 8 months. There has been a slow but steady development of us being closer and not so guarded. We have a lot of long term goals that are the same.

Somehow I just cant bring myself to ask him if I’m someone he sees as more than what we are. Not sure what to do. We mirror each other when it comes to being cautious.

How do I ask him about taking the appropriate next steps in our relationship for us.

Answer

If you feel uncomfortable asking your boyfriend if he sees you and he as more than you are, then perhaps it isn’t time to ask.

It’s hard to know if we see someone more than where we are with them in this moment. You mentioned that things are moving forward, even if slowly, so that sounds good.

I’m big on staying in the present moment, allowing things to unfold naturally in their own time.

A relationship is like a flower, it needs nourishment, but it has its own blossoming time. If you are happy with where the relationship is in this moment, can you trust it to unfold naturally?

If there comes a time where it isn’t where you want it to be, perhaps then it’s time to have a conversation about where your boyfriend sees you and he going, but if you’re happy in the meantime, enjoy that.

Take care.

Weight gain on calves

0

Question

I’m a 29-year-old girl, 169cm and weigh 60-61kg.

I gained 4kg in my legs in the last 6 months which I cant get rid of, despite working hard for 2 hours, 3-4 times a week (running, squat, lunges, weighs, steps). I reduced my calorie intake to 1400 per day, with no sugar, no fatty food, no fast food in my diet.

It is really boring trying to lose weight and nothing happening. Can you please help?

Answer

Yes, 4kg (8lbs) is a significant jump and I would highly recommend you visit a physician for a physical examination. Unfortunately, there is not enough information supplied in your query to support providing an answer or a theory. Your dietary and nutritional habits require examination.

Following the physical exam, I would recommend you seek professional support from a qualified personal trainer that can assist you one-on-one in developing a comprehensive fitness program and dietary supports to achieve the results you desire.

Can allergies cause dark circles

Question

Lately I have really bad dark circles under my eyes. Can that be caused by food allergies?

Answer

In the Chinese medicine system, dark circles under the eyes can indicate the need to balance the kidney energies. Many things can create an imbalance of kidney energies including:

Lack of proper nutrition (if you have food allergies then you are not absorbing the nutrition of foods appropriately so this could indirectly lead to dark circles under the eyes).

  • Lack of sleep.
  • Emotional stress such as dealing with situations that are evoking a lot of fear or distress.
  • Lack of exercise.
  • Lower back injuries.

I would suggest eliminating gluten and dairy from the diet, the two most common aspects of food to which people are sensitive, and also adding in the qi gong routine called “Ocean Qi Breathing,” which is step 8 in the 12 steps free program of stress relief with qi gong.

Please take a moment and work through the lesson and if you answer the response questions, I will respond to your experience with the the qi gong.

Please note that the information provided is for educational purposes only and is not meant to diagnose or treat medical conditions. Consult with your medical physician regarding appropriateness of using herbs in your healing process.

Contact

Contact Kay Hutchinson, CAMQ, CAMT at Aiki Healing today for a consultation for a custom herbal formulation.

How can I manage heartburn

Question

I have a lot of heartburn symptoms after I eat. What can I do to help manage my heart burn problems?

Answer

 In Chinese medicine, heartburn is usually viewed as a stagnation of the digestive system that causes excess acids to form. So dietary changes are important.

Avoid spicy and hot foods, high fat foods and dairy. Also, try to eat small and frequent meals so that the stomach does not get over agitated.

There are also a number of patent herbs that help to relieve heartburn that has a root with stagnation such as bao ji wan. If a person does not have adequate digestive enzymes, gentle plant enzymes from papaya and pineapple can be helpful. Products such as super papaya can be chewed slowly to relieve the heartburn. Eating small amounts of fresh papaya and pineapple can be helpful. Last on the dietary level, avoiding acidic foods is important. You can do a Google search and easily locate lists of acidic versus alkaline foods.

The other thing that is very helpful is self massage. Massaging the abdomen in a clockwise fashion after meals can help encourage food to digest as well as exercising regularly – walking, aerobics, yoga, tai chi, qi gong are all very helpful in reducing stress which tends to aggravate heartburn.

Good luck with your healing journey – with care and diligence, heartburn can be resolved in a natural way.

Please note that the information provided is for educational purposes only and is not meant to diagnose or treat medical conditions. Consult with your medical physician regarding appropriateness of using herbs in your healing process.

Contact

Contact Kay Hutchinson, CAMQ, CAMT at Aiki Healing today for a consultation for a custom herbal formulation.

Maintain healthy gut

Question

Could you please let me know which foods should I be eating for breakfast, lunch and dinner in order to maintain healthy gut bacteria?

Answer

Foods that are rich in acidophilus promote a healthy intestinal flora.

These foods include miso soup (but only if cooked by placing the miso during the last part and warmed, as cooking or boiling will destroy the healthy bacteria), yogurt, tempeh, and kombucha, a fermented drink. You can also check certain types of health bars and smoothies that advertise “acidophilus-rich” on the labels.

Balancing pH level can also be helpful – apple cider vinegar or lemon juice in water can achieve this naturally, but of course, it is best to get your pH level tested by a medical physician to see where your levels are to determine the correct dosage of vinegar or lemon juice, or whether these additions to the diet are appropriate for your body.

Please note that the information provided is for educational purposes only and is not meant to diagnose or treat medical conditions. Consult with your medical physician regarding appropriateness of using herbs in your healing process.

Contact

Contact Kay Hutchinson, CAMQ, CAMT at Aiki Healing today for a consultation for a custom herbal formulation.

Cystine

0

Facts

Why cystine is good for you

Cystine is a non-essential amino acid, formed from methionine and is required for proper vitamin B6 utilisation. It is also helpful in the healing of burns and wounds and helps break down mucus deposits in illnesses such as bronchitis and cystic fibrosis.

Important cystine facts

  • Cystine is a crystalline, sulphur-containing amino acid, formed from two molecules of the amino acid cysteine
  • Cystine is particularly abundant in skeletal and connective tissues, hair and digestive enzymes
  • Cysteine also assists in the supply of insulin to the pancreas, which is needed for the assimilation of sugars and starches
  • Cysteine increases the level of glutathione in the lungs, liver, kidneys and bone marrow, which may have anti-aging effects on the body by reducing age-spots

Cystine works best with

Deficiency

Groups at risk of cystine deficiency

Deficiency of cystine is rare, as it is found in so many protein foods, although in patients with chronic diseases, the synthesis of cystine from methionine appears to be prevented and could result in a deficiency. People in these groups at risk of cystine deficiency should talk to a medical professional about cystine supplementation.

Symptoms of cystine deficiency

None reported.

Health

Cystine and health

  • Detoxification from cigarettes and alcohol – cystine has been shown as a detoxification agent to protect the body against damage of alcohol and cigarette smoking. It may be effective in preventing hangovers, as well as preventing liver and brain damage

Talk to a medical professional about cystine supplements before taking them

Food sources

Cystine in food

FOODAMOUNT
Cystine
(mg)
Clams mixed species
20 small (190g)
2166
Lean round Beef
450g
1864
Lean leg of Veal
450g
1426
1/2 Turkey breast – no skin
306g
958
1/2 Chicken – no skin
329g
902
Snapper
1 fillet (170g)
479
Atlantic cod
1 fillet (180g)
441
Northern pike
1/2 fillet (155g)
411
Ling
1 fillet (151g)
394
Lobster
1 cup (145g)
334
Yellow fish tuna
100g
321
Alaskan king crab
1 leg (172g)
291
Blue crab
1 cup (118g)
267
Pacific cod
1 fillet (90g)
221
Whiting
1 fillet (72g)
181
Mozzarella, part skin
100g
144
Cottage cheese, 2% fat
100g
127
Bacon, pan-fried
28g
119

Daily intake

Cystine recommended daily intake (RDI)

RDANo information available
TOLERABLE UPPER LIMITNo information available
TOXIC LEVELSNo information available

 

Toxicity

Overdosage, toxicity and cautions for cystine

Diabetic patients should be careful when taking cystine supplementation, as it could inactivate their insulin medication

Precautions

Precautions

 

Interactions

Interactions

 

References

References

  • Osiecki H, Meeke F, Smith J, The Encyclopaedia of Clinical Nutrition – Volume 1: The Nervous System, BioConceps Publishing QLD 2004

Last reviewed and updated: 8 May 2024